ABSTRACT
Murraya koenigii, family Rutaceae, commonly known as Curry leaf plant is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma. The plant is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of roots of the plant were screened for phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity for Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids in the root extracts of the plant. The study shows that all the extracts possess remarkable antibacterial activity. Additionally, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts also had antifungal activity.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/analysis , Chloroform/analysis , Murraya/microbiology , Plants, Medicinal , Rutaceae , Methods , MethodsABSTRACT
A new microextraction method named dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [DLLME] for determination of chloroform in pool water and blood of swimmers after swimming is described. This method was performed based on coupling dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction [DLLME] with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS]. Methanol and trichloroethylenes were used as the disperser solvent and the extraction solvents, respectively. The volumes of these solvents were optimized for pool water by central composite design. The study involved three indoor swimming pools and nine swimmers. Chloroform concentration of pool water was 118-135 micro g L[-1] and of blood ranged from 1.26 to 1.66 micro g L[-1]. Indoor swimming pools are closed environments presenting detectable levels of trihalomethanes [THMs]. Chloroform [CHCl3] is the most represented THMs. Therefore, the presence of CHCl3 may be considered representative of the THMs. The new method DLLME was applied for determination of CHCl3 in pool water and blood of swimmers after swimming inside the indoor swimming pool. The method was optimized by experimental design. Chloroform concentrations in the specified pool waters were 135, 124, 118 micro g L[-1]
Subject(s)
Humans , Chloroform/analysis , Swimming Pools/standards , Chloroform/blood , Research Design , Water , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , TrihalomethanesABSTRACT
El ácido nucleico proveniente del virus herpes humano 8 esta presente en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica de un 50% a 90% de los pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi, y 7% a 10% de los pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana sin sarcoma de Kaposi. Nosotros estudiamos la prevalencia del virus herpes humano 8 en células mononucleares de sangre periférica provenientes de pacientes con la infección por el virus inmunodeficiencia humana con/sin sarcoma de Kaposi. Setenta y seis pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana sin sarcoma de Kaposi y 15 pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi asociado a la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana se incluyeron en el estudio. El ácido desoxirribonucleico se extrajo utilizando el método de fenol/cloroformo. El ácido desoxirribonucleico fue amplificado a través de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa utilizando las sondas KS1 y KS2 específicas para el ORF26 del virus herpes humano 8. Las reacciones se consideraron positivas sólo si los productos de la región esperada de 233 pares de bases. Ninguno de los pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana mostró la presencia de virus herpes humano 8 en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica, y después de un seguimiento de 2 años, ninguno ha desarrollado sarcoma de Kaposi. El virus herpes humano 8 se detectó en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica del 20% de los pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi. Todos los pacientes pertenecían al grupo de "altó riesgo", y eran varones homosexuales. Ninguno recibió transfusiones sanguíneas. Estos datos preliminares sugieren que la prevalencia del virus herpes humano 8 en las células mononucleares de sangre periférica de los pacientes con la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana con/sin sarcoma de Kaposi es probablemente baja en comparación con pacientes provenientes de Estados Unidos y Europa
The nucleic acid of human herpes virus 8 is present in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of between 50% and 90% of Kaposi sarcoma patients, 7% and 10% of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients without Kaposi sarcoma. We studied the prevalence of human herpes virus 8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection with/without Koposi sarcoma. Seventy-six patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection without Kaposi sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection were included. Desoxibonucleico acid was extracted from the sample by a standard phenol/chloroform extraction procedure. Desoxirribonucleico acid was polimerase chain reaction amplified using Kaposi sarcoma 1 and Kaposi sarcoma 2 primers specific for the human herpes virus 8 ORF26. Polimerase chain reaction were considered positive only if the polimerase chain reaction products hybridized in the expected 233 by region. None of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients showed the presence of human herpes virus 8 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and after a follow-up of 2 years, none has developed Kaposi sarcoma. Human herpes virus 8 was detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20% of patients with Kaposi sarcoma. All patients belonged to a "high risk group", were male and homosexuals. None received blood transfusion. These preliminary data suggest that the prevalence of human herpes virus 8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with/withoul Kaposi sarcoma is probably low in comparison with patients from EE.UU and Europe
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , DNA , HIV-1 , HIV-2 , /immunology , Homosexuality/physiology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology , Sarcoma, Kaposi/blood , Chloroform/analysis , Virulence Factors/blood , Phenol/analysis , Gels , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sexual BehaviorABSTRACT
In this paper the results obtained using two validated gas-chromatographic procedures on drinking water for the determination of trihalomethanes are compared. The volatile compounds, chloroform (CF), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM) and bromoform (BF) were detected by purge and trap capillary column gas-chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detector (ELCD) and the simple and rapid gas-chromatographic method by electron capture detector (ECD) after liquid-liquid extraction with n-pentane. For purge and trap ELCD method the response for the volatile compounds was linear for the concentrations of 0.5 to 40 µg/L...
Subject(s)
Chloroform/analysis , Diagnosis , Drinking Water , Water Microbiology , Chromatography, GasABSTRACT
Utilizando-se de peso e lupa estereoscópica avaliou-se as seguintes substâncias: clorofórmio, eucalipto, xilol e terebintina quanto à capacidade de dissolver guta-percha, tendo como controle negativo o tergentol. Os resultados demostraram que o clorofórmio e o xilol foram mais eficientes. Verificou-se também, que as substâncias promoveram mais a plastificaçäo do que a total dissoluçäo da guta-percha, com vantagem para o clorofórmio e o xilol
Subject(s)
Gutta-Percha , Solvents/analysis , Chloroform/analysis , Dental Cements , Dental Materials , EndodonticsABSTRACT
Se logra sustituir en el método espectrofluorimétrico de Cramer e Isaksson el benceno por el cloroformo, ya que es menos tóxico y tiene polaridades similares. Se demuestra un alto porcentaje extractivo de la quinina en orina (99%) y suero (98%) y una buena repetibilidad y reproducibilidad de los resultados. Se comprueba la no extracción de metabolitos por cromatografía de placa delgada y la excelente estabilidad de la quinina en medio de ácido sulfúrico 0,05 M
Subject(s)
Benzene/analysis , Chloroform/analysis , Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods , Quinine/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Um método simples e rápido de cromatografia em camada delgada é descrito, para a identificaçäo de substâncias de caráter básico e neutro. Dois sistemas-solventes foram utilizados: metanol-NH4OH (100:1,5) e CHCl3-metanol (90:10); a cromatoplaca desenvolvida no primeiro sistema foi revelada com bromocresol verde - p-nitroanilina diazotada; e a outra, com o reativo de DRAGENDORF iodado - NaNO2. A identificaçäo de uma substância desconhecida é feita comparaçäo das cores e valores de hRf obtidos, com os das 40 substâncias que foram padronizadas, apresentados nas tabelas e no gráfico